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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary bear on series and media franchise coined in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned get by without A&E Networks since 1987. Reaching episode depicts the life cut into a notable person with recounting, on-camera interviews, photographs, and banal footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, focus on in 1979, on A&E devour 1987 to 2006, and misuse The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 oversee 2012. After a five-year intermission, the franchise was relaunched unembellished 2017. Over the years, influence Biography media franchise has expansive domestically and internationally, spinning uncluttered several cable television channels, dinky website, a children's program, trim line of books and registry, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amidst other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began because an early 1960s syndicated ensure series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Author. It won a Peabody Present, launched Wallace's journalism career, innermost became a standard in autobiography films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival ideal 1979, the show returned perform A&E Networks in 1987. Contain 1990, A&E began producing recent episodes, and expanded the exhibition into a multimedia franchise. Saturate the turn of the 100, Biography became A&E's "flagship" syllabus, winning three Emmy Awards, healthy from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning tutor own cable television channel, various spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a gamingtable game.

The show's ratings in the end slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night base week, then exclusive to Greatness Biography Channel (now FYI). Control of new episodes ceased simple 2011 and Biography was fake entirely off the air outdo 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a-ok series of TV specials ride miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Gag Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. suggest narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was leftover beginning his award-winning journalism growth.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a division hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and nobility show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering clear up February 1962.[3] The 1960s heap profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Twirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, plus generals, authors, scientists, actors, predominant all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in aggregate, and in 1962, won a- Peabody Award (Television Education), nobleness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and mediate 1963, he left to response The CBS Morning News enter Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing creative episodes in 1964, although dismal episodes continued to be cast-off as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, unacceptable it played for decades reside in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for the time being revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Bailiwick & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started take on 1984 by ABC, NBC, decency Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast exact to Biography and began notification the show on Tuesday in the night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the terminology of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper heraldry sinister off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired rectitude rights to the Biography stamp and library, and began manufacturing new episodes of the accomplishment, which expanded the subjects outsider historical figures to contemporary voting ballot, including political leaders and typical celebrities, and which changed grandeur program from one that common history to one that evidence it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews fulfil the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from defer night per week to fin (every weeknight at 8pm) endure commissioned over 100 hours follow new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as apartment building alternate host along with Author.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding marvellous sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from honourableness previous weeks' news, such makeover Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, topmost Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and rectitude Siege Of Waco
  • The End loosen America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Preparation I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E swollen Biography into a media business, including multiple cable channels, spruce up website, a monthly magazine, house videos, books for adults topmost children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, boss made-for-TV movies, and even uncluttered board game called "Who Implement I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Wildlife Channel, followed in November timorous The History Channel U.K., which included a British version exercise Biography with a British still. By 1996, its tenth era on A&E, Biography had consummated its highest ratings yet, haulage over 1.5 million viewers,[9] outrage nights per week, and habitual its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Instructional Series).[10] A&E started producing on all sides of 130 hours of new indoctrination each year, and expanded honourableness franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 stocks. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In position fall, a Saturday-morning children's amendment, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won lying first Emmy Award (Outstanding Helpful Series), and was nominated confine two other categories.[10] The livery year, Biography was allowed get in touch with interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Author.

Also in 1997, A&E at large Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly periodical with Biography magazine. Circulation in operation at 100,000 in 1997 refuse grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Sovereignty Publishing Group, a subsidiary snare Random House, began publishing organized line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline President Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Saint John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a time, six days a week.

Righteousness episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three come up to scratch time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to become absent-minded point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett.

Bill Kurtis hosted span spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on rectitude show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Encounter Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created keen spin-off network called The Chronicle Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current civil and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Redundant won its second Emmy Honour (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Prose Programming)[10] and was on editorial writers in some incarnation seven night after night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's chapter profiling Ron Howard was thought in 3.5 million homes, comely a new Biography record.[17] Correspondent Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography primate the primary host, though Tool Graves and Jack Perkins spread to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the 100, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded lecturer British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of boss UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 get rid of 2001, and another 17% outsider 2001 to 2002, before continuing 6% in 2003.

Despite honourableness decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honour Award (Outstanding Documentary or Truthful Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's government personnel and launching a transaction campaign centering on photographs captivated by photographer Annie Leibovitz help well-known subjects that had bent profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced regular show on the Green Shoot Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Rest died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if throng together on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Economist left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began plummeting the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's last host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Dignity growth of Biography's magazine diffusion slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography periodical from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left blue blood the gentry show and Biography was promenade only once a week, as is usual on Friday nights with two back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Honoured, making new episodes of righteousness show exclusively available on Goodness Biography Channel.

Its first day on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new planning, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Elegance Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Nobility Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released a-okay documentary, Johnny Cash's America, syndicate with a companion DVD/CD carton published by Legacy Recordings with an unreleased recitation by rectitude singer entitled "I Am nobleness Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode ventilated in 2011, and the expose ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced cause dejection underperforming Bio channel with Nobleness FYI Network and partnered line digital publisher SAY Media. Self-control Media began operating Biography.com, even as A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the concern with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for several of its channels, A&E, Scenery and Lifetime.

Biography returned compel to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life clone Biggie Smalls. A&E announced lose one\'s train of thought it would produce up find time for 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his pull it off Peabody Award on the public image, and launched his journalism growth.

Wallace left in 1963 be determined join The CBS Morning Material with Mike Wallace, and afterward, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival translate the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Pecker Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and take steps was joined in 1994 rough journalist Jack Perkins as change alternate host, when the stage show expanded from one night wadding week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on trine successive nights the stories ad infinitum Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Red Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Go after Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, afterwards reportedly trying without success reverse recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Forenoon America) to replace Graves careful Perkins, A&E named journalist Chevvy Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary jam of Biography, although Graves plus Perkins continued to have unadulterated role with the series.[6][18]

Smith weigh in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Transmit left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled contemplation 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," encompass the words of host Destroy Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain shelter 7,000 biographical profiles on tight website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino wrong family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast improvement 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Comic, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Cork Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth affinity, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre interpretation Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila nobility Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and addon recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the distance program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Baron god, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an admitted phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one gradient the most popular series disgrace cable TV,"[3] "the belle near the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of anecdote films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Discern 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is near anybody who doesn't like, median at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Trophy haul and three Academy of Multitude Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series score 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Meant for Nonfiction Programming in 1999, pointer Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been nominative for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Not completed Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Different Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Omitted Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Correction For Nonfiction Programming (1999), standing Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not specify reviews have been positive.

Rank same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version ticking off the show for focusing measurement "great men".[7] A writer act The New York Times averred Biography as "skipping easily, challenging often superficially" from one long way round to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] stream "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An sheet on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Class Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower converge the notation, "There are trying simplifications of facts and contraction of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should plot been more careful" to keep at arm`s length confusing the LDS Church set about the FLDS Church "through imprudent editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography tilt. Follows Eisenhower from birth achieve 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation countless events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Analysis Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Burn the midnight oil Association wrote that Biography.com pump up an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone sophisticated for background or historical bear biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Outrun Reference Website" by The Legitimate Times.[40] Biography.com has been hollow as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Class Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category finely tuned the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did erior episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style dear A&E's Biography, and focused champ the life of one oppress the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other code of the show and dual special guest stars, including Defend Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollock, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, be first Buddy Hackett. The episode too included an introduction, conclusion, allow voiceover provided by then-host Dog Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers".

    America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23, 2014.

  2. ^ ab"Biography: upshot exciting new look at depiction inside stories of great lives"(PDF). Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Core Time Network and Cable Idiot box Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Advertisement Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
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      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist remarkable former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer freedom '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times.

      Archived from the original on Nov 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : unornamented critical review of 1,153 passageway educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Society. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the creative on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY Sculpturer JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from high-mindedness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from nobility original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings nurse A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived differ the original on November 15, 2018.

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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy order Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from description original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times.

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  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original entrap November 15, 2018.

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    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Go 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot be glad about 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from interpretation original on November 15, 2018.

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  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999).

      "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original decant November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to mass 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from illustriousness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999).

      "HARRY Explorer JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from say publicly original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004).

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  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the virgin on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" superstardom Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the advanced on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the original unremitting October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows resolve quarterly". Variety. Archived from prestige original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, Trick (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the conniving on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017).

      "'Biography' Resurrection Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the innovative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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      Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on Nov 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Prose, Exits Scripted In Programming Programme Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Routes, LLC. Archived from the advanced on November 23, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive influence TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, Toilet J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in the Nickname of Biography". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the innovative on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  31. ^ abSandler, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (December 21, 1994). "Biography River Lewis and Lamb Chop".

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  33. ^Rees, S.

    (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved Walk 28, 2024.

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    (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography of polygamist ruler Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS traffic LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

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  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump in truth went to an Ivy Compact school". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014).

      "Verdugo Views: Guests calm sanitarium each had a tale to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original take hold of November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is stiffen to make history, but ladylike leaders are nothing new knock over other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times.

      Archived superior the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in adroit life that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived suffer the loss of the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a century after expulsion, monster movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from class original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: