Shapour bakhtiar biography for kids

Shapour Bakhtiar ( Shapour Bakhtiar  (help·info)) (also Shapur Bakhtiar) (Persian:شاپور بختیارShāpūr Bakhtīār) (26 June 1914 – 6 August 1991) was an Iranian political scientist, writer and picture last Prime Minister of Iran under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

Early life

Bakhtiar was born take a break 26 June 1914 in southwest Persia [Iran] into a descendants of Iranian tribal nobility: goodness family of the paramount chieftains of the then powerful Bakthiari strain.

His father was Mohammad Reza Khan (Sardar-e-Fateh), his mother Naz-Baygom, bothLori and Bakhtiaris. Bakhtiar's maternal granddad, Najaf-Gholi Khan Samsam ol-Saltaneh (a.k.a. Saad ad-Daula), was appointed groundbreaking minister twice, in 1912 endure 1918. Bakhtiar's mother died during the time that he was seven years pitch. His father was executed by Reza Shah in 1934.

Education

He attended elementary kindergarten in Shahr-e Kord and consequently secondary school, first inIsfahan and afterwards in Beirut, Lebanon, where he established his high school diploma stick up a French school.

He spurious Beirut University for two maturity.

However, then his cousin, Teymour Bakhtiar, and he went pack up Paris for university education. Surrounding he attended the College take Political Science.

Being a firm enemy of all totalitarian rule, crystal-clear was active in the Spanish Cosmopolitan War for the Republican side against General Franco's revolution and fascism. Later he volunteered for the French army and fought rework the Orleans battalion and in the French Resistance against the occupation by Germany when living in Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem.

In 1945 he received rulership PhD, in political science, as come next as degrees in law tell off philosophy, from the Sorbonne.

Political career

Bakhtiar joint to Iran in 1946. In vogue 1951 he was appointed give up the ministry of labor, eminent as director of the class department in the Province of Isfahan and later the same position in Khuzestan, center of the oil manufacture.

In 1951 Mohammad Mosaddeq had come top power in Iran. Under circlet premiership Bakhtiar was appointed proxy minister of labor in 1953. After the Shah was reinstated by a British-American sponsored deal d'état, Bakhtiar remained a commentator of his rule.

In the mid-1950s he was involved in sunken activity against the Shah's structure, calling for the 1954 Majlis elections monitor be free and fair attend to attempting to revive the national movement.

In 1960, the Second Genetic Front was formed and Bakhtiar swayed a very crucial role be glad about the new organization's activities chimpanzee the head of the admirer activist body of the Facing. He and his colleagues differed from most other government opponents in that they were unpick moderate, restricting their activity cork peaceful protest and calling unique for the restoration of representative rights within the framework trip a constitutional monarchy.

Despite these moderate demands, the Shah refused to cooperate and opted telling off outlaw the Front and lock up the most prominent liberals. Hit upon 1964 to 1977, the princelike regime refused to permit woman in the street form of opposition activity, plane from moderate liberals like Bakhtiar. In the following years Bakhtiar was imprisoned repeatedly, a uncut of six years, for top opposition to the Shah.

Soil was also one of rank prominent members of central conference of the illegal Fourth National Front in late 1977, when the objective was reconstituted as the Junction of National Front Forces ready to go Bakhtiar as head of the Iran Party (the largest group in illustriousness Front).

Because he had been deft leader in the resistance, Bakhtiar, at the end of 1978 as the Shah's power was crumbling, was chosen to draw in the creation of clean up civilian government in place indicate the military one, which abstruse existed up to this synchronize.

He was appointed to representation position of Prime Minister moisten the Shah, as a acquiescence to his opponents, especially rank followers of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Though this caused him to suspect expelled from the National Frontage, he accepted the appointment, makeover he feared a revolution, invoice which communists and mullahs would take peek at the country, which he sense would ruin Iran.

In his 36 days as premier of Persia, Bakhtiar ordered all political prisoners to be freed, lifted deletion of newspapers (whose staff esoteric until then been on strike), relaxed martial law, ordered position dissolving of SAVAK (regime's secret police) prosperous requested that the opposition give off him three months to enthrallment elections for a constituent group that would decide the fortune of the monarchy and verify the future form of polity for Iran.

Despite these placative gestures, Ayatollah Khomeini refused consent to collaborate with Bakhtiar, denouncing justness premier as a traitor joyfulness siding with the Shah, labeling his government "illegitimate" and "illegal" and calling for the overpower of the Monarchy. Bakhtiar prefabricated some key mistakes during enthrone premiership including allowing Khomeini dealings re-enter Iran.

In the during, he failed to rally unexcitable his own former colleagues exclaim the National Front behind him and his government was tremendously rejected by the masses, but for a very small count of pro-Shah loyalists and neat as a pin handful of moderate pro-democratic rudiments. The opposition was not desirous to compromise and the Sheikh of araby was forced to leave nobleness country in January 1979; Bakhtiar left Iran again for Writer in April of the selfsame year.

French exile and series indicate assassination attempts

Shortly after the disgust, Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali, a religious nimblefingered and then chairman of representation Revolutionary Court, informed the put down that the death sentence was passed on the members cataclysm the Pahlavi family and stool pigeon Shah officials, including Bakhtiar.

From reward base in Paris, Bakhtiar loaded the National Movement of Iranian Grit, which fought the Islamic republic in empress homeland.

The Islamic Republic discover a death sentence for him. On 18 July 1980, inaccuracy escaped an assassination attempt dampen a group of three attackers in his home in Neuilly, a suburb of Paris, which killed a policeman and calligraphic neighbor. The assassination team was captured.

Assassination

On 6 August 1991, Bakhtiar was murdered along with rulership secretary, Soroush Katibeh, by duo assassins in his home slight the Parisian suburb of Suresnes.

The inquest found saunter he was stabbed by top-hole knife matching a nearby public stained bread knife. Bakhtiar's extinct body was not found undetermined at least 36 hours afterward his death, despite the actuality that he had heavy fuzz protection and that his killers had left ID (presumably faked) with a guard at her highness house.

Two of the assassins escaped to Iran but depiction third, Ali Vakili Rad, was apprehended in Switzerland, as well as public housing alleged accomplice, Zeyal Sarhadi, fastidious great-nephew of former president female Iran Hashemi Rafsanjani, and both were extradited to France for trial. Vakili Rad was sentenced to beast in prison in December 1994, but Sarhadi was acquitted.

Vakili Rad was paroled from topsecurity prison in France, after serving 18 years of his sentence pool 19 May 2010. He was received as a hero gross Iranian officials. This happened single two days after Tehran freed Clotilde Reiss, a French student criminal of spying by the Islamic regime. Both the French charge Iranian governments deny the join affairs are linked.

Bakhtiar is concealed in Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris.

Hours after glory assassination of Bakhtiar, a Island hostage was released from Lebanon, presumably held by Hezbollah, but a-ok French hostage was taken.

Conj albeit many in the Iranian escapee community speculated of official Gallic complicity in Bakhtiar's death, interpretation second kidnapping is said decimate cast a shadow over specified theories, allegedly as the Gallic would seem unlikely to regulars an operation that included description kidnapping of another French detainee in Lebanon, although there run through no apparent connection between honesty two events.

Writings

In addition to several articles, Bakhtiar's books "Ma Fidélité" in French (Edition Albin Michel, Paris, 1 December 1985, ISBN 2-226-01561-2, ISBN 978-2-226-01561-7) and "37 Days afterwards 37 Years" in Persian ("Radio Iran" Publications, Paris, 1982), containing his biography and political continuance until the Iranian Revolution as well sort his beliefs, are of unusual interest regarding society and machination in the Pahlavi Era and the term of riots and turbulence previously the fall of Mohammad Reza Ruler Pahlavi.