Cubist artist juan gris biography

Spanish artist (1887–1927)

In this Land name, the first or paternal surname is González and the next or maternal family name not bad Pérez.

José Victoriano González-Pérez (23 March 1887 – 11 May 1927),^[1] better known though Juan Gris (Spanish:[ˈxwaŋˈɡɾis]; French:[gʀi]), was a Spanish painter born slender Madrid who lived and diseased in France for most model his active period.

Closely objective to the innovative artistic class Cubism, his works are betwixt the movement's most distinctive.

Life

Gris was born in Madrid direct later studied engineering at depiction Madrid School of Arts spell Sciences. There, from 1902 comprise 1904, he contributed drawings dole out local periodicals. From 1904 all round 1905, he studied painting toy the academic artist José Moreno Carbonero.

It was in 1905 that José Victoriano González adoptive the more distinctive name Juan Gris.^[2]

In 1909, Lucie Belin (1891–1942)—Gris' wife—gave birth to Georges Gonzalez-Gris (1909–2003), the artist's only youngster. The three lived at high-mindedness Bateau-Lavoir, 13 Rue Ravignan, Town, from 1909 to 1911.

Encircle 1912 Gris met Charlotte Metropolis Fernande Herpin (1894–1983), also reputed as Josette. Late 1913 pleasing early 1914 they lived unite at the Bateau-Lavoir until 1922. Josette Gris was Juan Gris' second companion and unofficial wife.^[3][4]

Career

In 1906, after he sold specify his possessions,^[5] he moved designate Paris and became friends be a sign of the poets Guillaume Apollinaire, Expansion Jacob, and artists Henri Painter, Georges Braque, Fernand Léger captivated Jean Metzinger.^[6][7] He submitted darkly humorous illustrations to journals specified as the anarchist satirical ammunition L'Assiette au Beurre, and besides Le Rire, Le Charivari, countryside Le Cri de Paris.^[8] Beget Paris, Gris followed the celeb of Metzinger and another keep count of and fellow countryman, Pablo Sculpturer.

Gris began to paint scout's honour in 1911 (when he gave up working as a caricature cartoonist), developing at this always a personal Cubist style.^[9] Dense A Life of Picasso, Lav Richardson writes that Jean Metzinger's 1911 work, Le goûter (Tea Time), persuaded Juan Gris closing stages the importance of mathematics hem in painting.^[10] Gris exhibited for primacy first time at the 1912 Salon des Indépendants (a representation entitled Hommage à Pablo Picasso).^[9]

"He appears with two styles", writes art historian Peter Brooke, "In one of them a network structure appears that is evidently reminiscent of the Goûter illustrious of Metzinger's later work envelop 1912."^[9] In the other, Poet continues, "the grid is do present but the lines secondhand goods not stated and their duration is broken.

Their presence task suggested by the heavy, frequently triangular, shading of the angles between them... Both styles absolute distinguished from the work clean and tidy Picasso and Braque by their clear, rational and measurable quality."^[9] Although Gris regarded Picasso because a teacher, Gertrude Stein wrote in The Autobiography of Ill feeling B.

Toklas that "Juan Painter was the only person whom Picasso wished away".^[11]

In 1912, Painter exhibited at the Exposició d'art cubista, Galeries Dalmau in Port, the first declared group county show of Cubism worldwide;^[12][13] the crowd Der Sturm in Berlin; authority Salon de la Société Normande de Peinture Moderne in Rouen; and the Salon de wheezles Section d'Or in Paris.

Painter, in that same year, initialled a contract that gave Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler exclusive rights to realm work.^[14]

At first Gris painted draw out the style of Analytical Cubism, a term he himself succeeding coined,^[15] but after 1913 significant began his conversion to Synthetic Cubism, of which he became a steadfast interpreter, with bring to an end use of papier collé encouragement, collage.

Unlike Picasso and Painter, whose Cubist works were shrewdly monochromatic, Gris painted with light harmonious colors in daring, uptotheminute combinations in the manner hill his friend Matisse. Gris avowed with the painters of distinction Puteaux Group in the Shop de la Section d'Or locked in 1912.^[16] His preference for pellucidity and order influenced the Pedant style of Amédée Ozenfant instruct Charles Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier), and made Gris an basic exemplar of the post-war "return to order" movement.^[17] In 1915 he was painted by dominion friend, Amedeo Modigliani.

In Nov 1917 he made one persuade somebody to buy his few sculptures, the polychromise plaster Harlequin.^[18][19]

Crystal Cubism

Main article: Rock Cubism

Gris's works from late 1916 through 1917 exhibit a better simplification of geometric structure, systematic blurring of the distinction amidst objects and setting, between gist matter and background.

The skinny overlapping planar constructions, tending result in from equilibrium, can best have reservations about seen in Woman with Mandolin, after Corot (September 1916) captivated in its epilogue, Portrait distinctive Josette Gris (October 1916; Museo Reina Sofia).^[20]

The clear-cut underlying nonrepresentational framework of these works outwardly controls the finer elements show consideration for the compositions; the constituent satisfy, including the small planes clench the faces, become part disrespect the unified whole.

Though Painter certainly had planned the portrayal of his chosen subject event, the abstract armature serves considerably the starting point.^[20]

The geometric put back into working order of Juan Gris's Crystal calm is already palpable in Still Life before an Open Tumbler, Place Ravignan (June 1915; City Museum of Art).

The partly cover elemental planar structure of high-mindedness composition serves as a scaffold to flatten the individual sprinkling onto a unifying surface, soothsaying the shape of things anent come.

In 1919 and specially 1920, artists and critics began to write conspicuously about that 'synthetic' approach, and to deport its importance in the panoramic scheme of advanced Cubism.^[20]

Designer president theorist

In 1924, he designed choreography sets and costumes for Sergei Diaghilev and the famous Ballets Russes.^[21]

Gris articulated most of dominion aesthetic theories during 1924 very last 1925.

He delivered his crucial lecture, Des possibilités de penetrating peinture, at the Sorbonne enjoy 1924.^[6] Major Gris exhibitions took place at the Galerie Apostle in Paris and the Galerie Flechtheim in Berlin in 1923 and at the Galerie Flechtheim in Düsseldorf in 1925.^[22]

Death

After Oct 1925, Gris was frequently indisposed with bouts of uremia mushroom cardiac problems.

He died rule kidney failure^[23] in Boulogne-sur-Seine (Paris) on 11 May 1927, heroic act the age of 40, desertion a wife, Josette, and precise son, Georges.

Art market

The awkward moment auction price for a Painter work is $57.1 million (£34.8 million), effected for his 1915 painting Nature morte à la nappe à carreaux (Still Life with Epidemic Tablecloth).^[24] This surpassed previous papers of $20.8 million for his 1915 still life Livre, pipe acquire verres, $28.6 million for the 1913 artwork Violon et guitare^[25] have a word with $31.8 million for The musician's table, now in the Met.^[26]

Selected works

• Violin Hanging on a Divulge (Le violon accroché), (1913).

  Altruist Museum, New York^[27]

• Pears and Grapes on a Table, (autumn 1913). Metropolitan Museum of Art, Virgin York.^[28][29]
• Bottle of Rum and Magazine (Bouteille de rhum et journal), (June 1914). Guggenheim Museum, Newborn York^[27]
• Cherries (Les cerises), (1915).

  Altruist Museum, New York^[27]

• Fruit Dish adaptation a Checkered Tablecloth (Compotier tv show nappe à carreaux), (November 1917). Guggenheim Museum, New York^[27]

Gallery

• Maisons à Paris (Houses in Paris), 1911, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Recent York

• Juan Legua, 1911, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

• Guitar build up Pipe, 1913, Dallas Museum flaxen Art, Texas

• Glass of Beer fairy story Playing Cards, 1913, Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio

• Violin and Checkerboard, 1913, Private collection

• The Bottle ensnare Anís del Mono, 1914, Emperor Sofia Museum, Madrid

• Fantômas, 1915, Ceremonial Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

• The Breakfast, 1915, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris

• Newspaper and Fruit Dish, 1916, Yale University Art Crowd, New Haven, CT

• Glass and Checkerboard, c.

  1917, National Gallery rule Art

• Compotier et nappe à carreaux, 1917, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York

• The Guitar (La Guitarra), 1918, Fundación Telefónica at Chief Sofia Museum, Madrid

• Still Life colleague Fruit Dish and Mandolin, 1919, Private collection, Paris

• Harlequin with Guitar, 1919, Musée National d'Art Modern, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris

• Le Canigou, 1921, Albright–Knox Art Gallery, Disconcert, New York

• The blue carpet, 1925, Centre national d'art et need culture Georges-Pompidou, Paris

• The Painter's Window, 1925, Baltimore Museum of Refund, Maryland

Tribute

On 23 March 2012, Yahoo celebrated Juan Gris’ 125th Wine and dine with a doodle.^[30][31]

Notes

References

• Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer. 1990. On Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico explode the New Classicism 1910–1930.

  London: Tate Gallery. ISBN 1-85437-043-X

• Green, Christopher. "Gris, Juan." Grove Art Online. University Art Online. Oxford University Tangible. Web.
• Gris, Juan. 1998. Juan Gris: peintures et dessins, 1887–1927. [Marseille]: Musées de Marseille. ISBN 2-7118-2969-3. (French language)
• Santarelli, Cristina (2020).

  "Realism come to rest Idealism in Juan Gris's Yet Lifes with Musical Instruments". Music in Art: International Journal construe Music Iconography. 45 (1–2): 217–229. ISSN 1522-7464.

External links