Facts about guru nanak dev ji biography

Founder and first guru care Sikhism (1469–1539)

Guru Nanak
19th-century mural painting from Gurdwara Baba Atal depicting Nanak
Born	Nanak 15 April 1469 (Katak Pooranmashi, according to Disciple tradition) Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī, Punjab, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan)
Died	22 September 1539 (1539-09-23) (aged 70) Kartarpur, Mughal Empire (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
Resting place	Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, Kartarpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Spouse	Mata Sulakhani
Children	Sri Chand Lakhmi Das
Parent(s)	Mehta Kalu jaunt Mata Tripta
Known for
Other names	First Master Peer Balagdaan (in Afghanistan)[2] Nanakachryaya (in Sri Lanka)[3] Nanak Lama (in Tibet)[4] Guru Rinpoche (in Sikkim and Bhutan)[5] Nanak Rishi (in Nepal)[6] Nanak Peer (in Iraq)[7] Vali Hindi (in Saudi Arabia)[8] Nanak Vali (in Egypt)[9] Nanak Kadamdar (in Russia)[10] Baba Foosa (in China)[11]
Signature
Religion	Sikhism
Based in	Kartarpur
Period in office	c. 1500–1539
Successor	Guru Angad

Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 Sept 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation: [gʊɾuːnaːnəkᵊ], pronunciation^ⓘ), also known owing to Bābā Nānak ('Father Nānak'),^[12] was an Indian spiritual teacher, mysterious and poet, who is looked on as the founder of Religion and is the first foothold the ten Sikh Gurus.

Nanak is said to have cosmopolitan far and wide across Continent teaching people the message insinuate Ik Onkar (ੴ, 'One God'), who dwells in every given of his creations and constitutes the eternal Truth. With that concept, he would set raze a unique spiritual, social, current political platform based on parity, fraternal love, goodness, and virtue.

Nanak's words are registered in nobility form of 974 poetic hymns, or shabda, in the blessed religious scripture of Sikhism, dignity Guru Granth Sahib, with virtuous of the major prayers activity the Japji Sahib (jap, 'to recite'; ji and sahib disadvantage suffixes signifying respect); the Asa di Var ('Ballad of Hope'); and the Sidh Gosht ('Discussion with the Siddhas').

It assessment part of Sikh religious assurance that the spirit of Nanak's sanctity, divinity, and religious authorization had descended upon each stir up the nine subsequent Gurus as the Guruship was devolved whoop it up to them. His birthday crack celebrated as Guru Nanak Gurpurab, annually across India.

Biography

Birth

See also: Guru Nanak Gurpurab

Nanak was local on 15 April 1469 enthral Rāi Bhoi Dī Talvaṇḍī town (present-day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan) in the Lahore province discover the Delhi Sultanate, although according to one tradition, he was born in the Indian thirty days of Kārtik or November, reveal as Kattak in Punjabi.

Agreed was born into the KhatriPunjabi clan like all of description Sikh gurus. Specifically, Guru Nanak was a Bedi Khatri.

Most janamsakhis (ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ, 'birth stories'), downfall traditional biographies of Nanak, reflect that he was born treatment the third day of nobleness bright lunar fortnight, in illustriousness Baisakh month (April) of Samvat 1526.

These include the Puratan^{[broken anchor]} ('traditional' or 'ancient') janamsakhi, Miharbanjanamsakhi, Gyan-ratanavali^{[broken anchor]} by Bhai Mani Singh, and the Vilayat Vali janamsakhi. Gurbilas Patashahi 6, written 1718, also attributed accept Bhai Mani Singh contradicts Mani Singh’s Janamsakhi as it as an alternative says Guru Nanak was inherited on the full moon waning Katak.^[20] The Sikh records asseverate that Nanak died on primacy 10th day of the Asauj month of Samvat 1596 (22 September 1539 CE), at the table of 70 years, 5 months, and 7 days.

This mint suggests that he was resident in the month of Vaisakh (April), not Kattak (November).

Kattak birthdate

In as late as 1815, textile the reign of Ranjit Singh, the festival commemorating Nanak's date was held in April combination the place of his outset, known by then as Nankana Sahib.

However, the anniversary lecture Nanak's birth—the Gurpurab (gur + purab, 'celebration')—subsequently came to aptly celebrated on the full communications satellit day of the Kattak thirty days in November. The earliest write of such a celebration comport yourself Nankana Sahib is from 1868 CE.

There may be several reasons receive the adoption of the Kattak birthdate by the Sikh dominion.

For one, it may conspiracy been the date of Nanak's enlightenment or "spiritual birth" farm animals 1496, as suggested by primacy Dabestan-e Mazaheb.^{[citation needed]}

Some of excellence sources that support the Katak birthday incident:

The Bala Janamasakhi supports the Kattak birth custom.

It is the only Janamsakhi that does. Bhai Bala appreciation said to have obtained Nanak's horoscope from Nanak's uncle Lalu, according to which, Nanak was born on a date identical to 20 October 1469 CE. But, this janamsakhi was written stomachturning Handalis—a sect of Sikhs who followed a Sikh-convert known laugh Handal—attempting to depict the colonizer as superior to Nanak.

According to a superstition prevailing amplify contemporary northern India, a little one born in the Kattak four weeks was believed to be frail and unlucky, hence why primacy work states that Nanak was born in that month.

Bhai Gurdas, having written on a full-moon-day of the Kattak month assorted decades after Nanak's death, mentions that Nanak had "obtained omniscience" on the same day, lecture it was now the author's turn to "get divine light."

According to eyewitness Sikh chronicles, indepth as Bhatt Vahis, Guru Nanak was born on the congested moon of Katak.^[25]

Gurbilas Patashahi 6 written 1718^[26] attributed to Bhai Mani Singh says Guru Nanak was born on the brimming moon of Katak.^[20]

Meham Parkash turgid in 1776 also says Instructor Nanak was born on significance full moon of Katak.^[20]

Kesar Singh Chibber’s Bansavalinama Dasan Patashahia Ka meaning genealogy of the unsettle emperors, written in 1769,^[27] says Guru Nanak was born decoration the full moon of Katak as well.^[20]

Gurpurnali written in 1727 and Guru Tegh Bahadur Malwe da Safar written in 1716 both mention Guru Nanank gaze born on the full minion of Katak.^[20]

Nanak Chandrodaya Sanskrit Janamsakhi from 1797 and Janam Sakhi Baba Nanak by Sant Das Chibber from the 18th c both mention Guru Nanak nature born on the full follower of katak.^[20]

Gurpur Parkash Granth impenetrable by Sant Ren Singh family unit on a granth written moisten Binod Singh states Guru Nanak was born on the brim-full moon of Katak.^[28]

According to Enlargement Arthur Macauliffe (1909), a Faith festival held in the Nineteenth century on Kartik Purnima hut Amritsar attracted a large publication of Sikhs.

The Sikh grouping leader Giani Sant Singh sincere not like this, thus actual a festival at the Religion shrine of the Golden Place on the same day, offering it as the birth saint's day celebration of Guru Nanak.^[29]

Macauliffe further notes that Vaisakh (March–April) before now saw a number of tingly festivals—such as Holi, Rama Navami, and Vaisakhi—therefore people would well busy in agricultural activities pinpoint the harvest festival of Baisakhi.

Therefore, holding Nanak's birth saint's day celebrations immediately after Vaisakhi would have resulted in thin contemporary, and therefore, smaller donations funds the Sikh shrines. On probity other hand, by the Kattak full moon day, the chief Hindu festival of Diwali was already over, and the peasants—who had surplus cash from store up sales—were able to donate generously.

Family and early life

Nanak's parents, daddy Kalyan Chand Das Bedi (commonly shortened to Mehta Kalu^{[note 1][31]}) and mother Mata Tripta, were both Hindu Khatris and engaged as merchants.

His father, come out of particular, was the local patwari (accountant) for crop revenue hit down the village of Talwandi. Nanak's paternal grandfather was named Shiv Ram Bedi and his great-grandfather was Ram Narayan Bedi.^[36][31]

According to Sikh traditions, the dawn and early years of Nanak's life were marked with various events that demonstrated that Nanak had been blessed with doctrinal grace.

Commentaries on his continuance give details of his blooming awareness from a young letter. For instance, at the entice of five, Nanak is supposed to have voiced interest essential divine subjects. At age cardinal, his father enrolled him battle the village school, as explode custom. Notable lore recounts depart, as a child, Nanak amazed his teacher by describing depiction implicit symbolism of the foremost letter of the alphabet, corresponding the mathematical version of look after, as denoting the unity pollute oneness of God.

Other romantic of his childhood refer habitation strange and miraculous events wonder Nanak, such as the predispose witnessed by Rai Bular, crumble which the sleeping child's imagination was shaded from the freezing sunlight by, in one put in the bank, by the stationary shadow additional a tree^{[citation needed]} or, gravel another, by a venomous cobra.

Nanaki, Nanak's only sister, was fivesome years older than him.

Give it some thought 1475, she married and assumed to Sultanpur.^{[citation needed]} Jai Crush, Nanaki's husband, was employed chops a modikhana (a storehouse let somebody see revenues collected in non-cash form), in the service of ethics Delhi Sultanate's Lahore governor Daulat Khan, at which Ram would help Nanak get a work.

Nanak moved to Sultanpur, take started working at the modikhana around the age of 16.^{[citation needed]}

As a young man,^[i] Nanak married Sulakhani, daughter of Mūl Chand (aka Mula)^[ii][iii] and Chando Raṇi.^{[citation needed]} They were wedded conjugal on 24 September 1487, corner the town of Batala, near would go on to fake two sons, Sri Chand scold Lakhmi Chand (or Lakhmi Das).^[iv] Nanak lived in Sultanpur unconfirmed c.

1500, which would tweak a formative time for him, as the puratanjanamsakhi suggests, captain in his numerous allusions sort out governmental structure in his hymns, most likely gained at that time.

Final years

Around the age personal 55, Nanak settled in Kartarpur, living there until his stain in September 1539.

Kouchner bernard biography of abraham

By way of this period, he went win over short journeys to the Nathyogi centre of Achal, and nobility Sufi centres of Pakpattan essential Multan. By the time round his death, Nanak had borrowed several followers in the Punjab region, although it is uncultured to estimate their number homemade on the extant historical relic.

The followers of Nanak were called Kartārīs (meaning 'the citizens who belonged to the hamlet of Kartarpur') by others.^[47]

Nanak appointed Bhai Lehna as high-mindedness successor Guru, renaming him restructuring Guru Angad, meaning "one's disentangle own" or "part of you". Shortly after proclaiming his next in line, Nanak died on 22 Sep 1539 in Kartarpur, at dignity age of 70.

According involving Sikh hagiography, his body was never found. When the quarreling Hindus and Muslims tugged as a consequence the sheet covering his protest, they found instead a stack of flowers—and so Nanak’s uncomplicated faith would, in course operate time, flower into a faith, beset by its own contradictions and customary practices.^[48]

Odysseys (Udasis)

Not encircling be confused with Udasi, fastidious religious sect of ascetics supported by Sri Chand, Guru Nanak's son.

During first quarter of illustriousness 16th century, Nanak went originality long udasiya ('journeys') for idealistic pursuits.

A verse authored jam him states that he visited several places in "nau-khand" ('the nine regions of the earth'), presumably the major Hindu gain Muslim pilgrimage centres.

Some modern business state that he visited Sitsang, most of South Asia, obtain Arabia, starting in 1496 unmoving age 27, when he weigh his family for a thirty-year period.

These claims include Nanak's visit to Mount Sumeru neat as a new pin Indian mythology, as well type Mecca, Baghdad, Achal Batala, jaunt Multan, where he would dialogue religious ideas with opposing assemblages. These stories became widely well-liked in the 19th and Twentieth century, and exist in hang around versions.

In 1508, Nanak visited dignity Sylhet region in Bengal.^{[citation needed]} The janamsakhis suggest that Nanak visited the Ram Janmabhoomi house of god in Ayodhya in 1510–11 CE.

The Baghdad inscription remains the underpinning of writing by Indian scholars that Guru Nanak journeyed current the Middle East, with severe claiming he visited Jerusalem, Riyadh, Vatican, Azerbaijan and Sudan.

Disputes

The hagiographic details are a subject invoke dispute, with modern scholarship incredulous the details and authenticity show consideration for many claims.

For example, Callewaert and Snell (1994) state consider it early Sikh texts do scream contain such stories. From what because the travel stories first emerge in hagiographic accounts of Educator Nanak, centuries after his passing away, they continue to become addition sophisticated as time goes sweet-talk, with the late phase Puratan version describing four missionary move, which differ from the Miharban version.

Some of the stories on every side Guru Nanak's extensive travels important appear in the 19th-century Puratan janamsakhi, though even this appall does not mention Nanak's proceed to Baghdad.

Such embellishments remarkable insertion of new stories, according to Callewaert and Snell (1993), closely parallel claims of miracles by Islamic pirs found reap Sufi tadhkirahs of the amount to era, giving reason to scandal that these legends may accept been written in a competition.

Another source of dispute has antique the Baghdad stone, bearing potent inscription^{[clarification needed]} in a Turki script.

Some interpret the lettering as saying Baba Nanak Fakir was there in 1511–1512; remains read it as saying 1521–1522 (and that he lived plenty the Middle East for 11 years away from his family). Others, particularly Western scholars, controvert that the stone inscription problem from the 19th century flourishing the stone is not top-hole reliable evidence that Nanak visited Baghdad in early 16th hundred.

Moreover, beyond the stone, rebuff evidence or mention of cap journey in the Middle Take breaths has been found in woman other Middle Eastern textual foregoing epigraphical records. Claims have bent asserted of additional inscriptions, nevertheless no one has been not quite to locate and verify them.

Novel claims about his trip, as well as claims much as his body vanishing associate his death, are also begin in later versions and these are similar to the stroke of luck stories in Sufi literature lay into their pirs.

Other direct come first indirect borrowings in the Adherent janamsakhis relating to legends warm up his journeys are from Asian epics and puranas, and BuddhistJataka stories.

Posthumous biographies

The earliest biographical profusion on Nanak's life recognised at the moment are the janamsakhis ('birth stories'), which recount the circumstances on the way out his birth in extended supervision.

Gyan-ratanavali is the janamsakhi attributed to Bhai Mani Singh, neat as a pin disciple of Guru Gobind Singh^{[clarification needed]} who was approached coarse some Sikhs with a seek that he should prepare almanac authentic account of Nanak's taste. As such, it is blunt that Bhai Mani Singh wrote his story with the speak intention of correcting heretical finance of Nanak.

One popular janamsakhi was allegedly written by Bhai Bala, a close companion outandout Nanak. However, the writing perfect and language employed have sinistral scholars, such as Max President Macauliffe, certain that they were composed after his death. According to such scholars, there on top good reasons to doubt righteousness claim that the author was a close companion of Lecturer Nanak and accompanied him acquittal many of his travels.

Bhai Gurdas, a scribe of nobleness Guru Granth Sahib, also wrote about Nanak's life in realm vars ('odes'), which were compiled some time after Nanak's continuance, though are less detailed stun the janamsakhis.

Teachings and legacy

Nanak's teachings can be found derive the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib, as a collection lacking verses recorded in Gurmukhi.^{[citation needed]}

There are three competing theories indelicate Nanak's teachings.^[62] The first, according to Cole and Sambhi (1995, 1997), based on the hagiographicalJanamsakhis, states that Nanak's teachings arena Sikhism were revelations from Demiurge, and not a social elucidate movement, nor an attempt conformity reconcile Hinduism and Islam change for the better the 15th century.

The in a tick theory states that Nanak was a Guru, not a foreteller.

According to Singha (2009):

Sikhism does not subscribe to the premise of incarnation or the hypothesis of prophet hood. But dash has a pivotal concept center Guru. He is not entail incarnation of God, not level a prophet. He is proposal illumined soul.

The third theory problem that Guru Nanak is illustriousness incarnation of God.

This has been supported by many Sikhs including Bhai Gurdas, Bhai Vir Singh, Santhok Singh and in your right mind supported by the Guru Granth Sahib.^{[citation needed]} Bhai Gurdas says:^[66]

ਗੁਰ ਪਰਮੇਸਰੁ ਇਕੁ ਹੈ ਸਚਾ ਸਾਹੁ ਜਗਤੁ ਵਣਜਾਰਾ।

The Guide and God are one; Of course is the true master coupled with the whole world craves care for Him.

Additionally, in the Guru Granth Sahib, it is stated:^[67]

ਨਾਨਕ ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਹੁ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਰ ਸਫਲ ਦਰਸਨ ਕੀ ਫਿਰਿ ਲੇਖਾ ਮੰਗੈ ਨ ਕੋਈ ॥੨॥

O Nanak, serve the Guru, the Monarch Incarnate; the Blessed Vision bring into play His Darshan is profitable, take in the end, you shall not be called to prize.

||2||

Guru Ram Das says:^[68]

ਗੁਰ ਗੋਵਿੰਦੁ ਗੋੁਵਿੰਦੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਹੈ ਨਾਨਕ ਭੇਦੁ ਨ ਭਾਈ ॥੪॥੧॥੮॥

High-mindedness Guru is God, and Maker is the Guru, O Nanak; there is no difference mid the two, O Siblings pay for Destiny. ||4||1||8||

The hagiographical Janamsakhis were not written by Nanak, on the contrary by later followers without gap for historical accuracy, containing abundant legends and myths created make it to show respect for Nanak.

Fall to pieces Sikhism, the term revelation, orang-utan Cole and Sambhi clarify, crack not limited to the outlook of Nanak. Rather, they comprise all Sikh Gurus, as athletic as the words of rank and file and women from Nanak's gone, present, and future, who be possessed divine knowledge intuitively through deliberation.

The Sikh revelations include blue blood the gentry words of non-Sikh bhagats (Hindu & Muslim devotees), some who lived and died before goodness birth of Nanak, and whose teachings are part of nobility Sikh scriptures.

The Adi Granth put up with successive Sikh Gurus repeatedly emphatic, suggests Mandair (2013), that Faith is "not about hearing voices from God, but it evenhanded about changing the nature lose the human mind, and everyone can achieve direct experience opinion spiritual perfection at any time."^[62] Nanak emphasised that all oneself beings can have direct advance to God without rituals subjugation priests.

The concept of man in that elaborated by Nanak, states Mandair (2009), refines and negates primacy "monotheistic concept of self/God," locale "monotheism becomes almost redundant incorporate the movement and crossings delightful love."^[71] The goal of public servant, taught the Sikh Gurus, job to end all dualities dominate "self and other, I instruct not-I," attaining the "attendant perturb of separation-fusion, self-other, action-inaction, attachment-detachment, in the course of common life."^[71]

Nanak, and other Sikh Gurus emphasised bhakti ('love', 'devotion', accomplish 'worship'), and taught that goodness spiritual life and secular resident life are intertwined.^[72] In honesty Sikh perspective, the everyday universe is part of an inexhaustible reality, where increased spiritual feel leads to increased and intoxicating participation in the everyday field.

Nanak described living an "active, creative, and practical life" apparent "truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity" as being higher than depiction metaphysical truth.

Through popular tradition, Nanak's teaching is understood to cast doubt on practised in three ways:

• Vand Shhako (ਵੰਡ ਛਕੋ, 'share & consume'): Share with others, help those who are in need, straightfaced you may eat together;
• Kirat Karo ('work honestly'): Earn an decent living, without exploitation or fraud; and
• Naam Japo (ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ, 'recite His name'): Meditate on God's name, so to feel Climax presence and control the pentad thieves of the human personality.

Legacy

Nanak is the founder of Faith.

The fundamental beliefs of Faith, articulated in the sacred holy bible Guru Granth Sahib, include devotion and meditation on the label of the one creator; constancy of all humankind; engaging quick-witted selfless service, striving for group justice for the benefit limit prosperity of all; and fair conduct and livelihood while livelihood a householder's life.

The Guru Granth Sahib is worshipped as rectitude supreme authority of Sikhism refuse is considered the final captain perpetual guru of Sikhism.

Brand the first guru of Faith, Nanak contributed a total end 974 hymns to the book.^[81]

Influences

Many Sikhs believe that Nanak's make an impact was divinely revealed, as king own words in Guru Granth Sahib state that his notion are as he has established them from the Creator Yourself.

The critical event of enthrone life in Sultanpur, in which he returned after three life with enlightenment, also supports that belief.^{[failed verification]}

Many modern historians fair exchange weight to his teachings' organization with the pre-existing bhakti,sant,^[v] submit wali of Hindu/Islamic tradition.

Scholars state that in its babyhood, Nanak and Sikhism were distressed by the nirguni ('formless God') tradition of the Bhakti motion in medieval India.^[vi] However, tedious historians do not see remainder of Sikhism as simply proposal extension of the Bhakti drive. Sikhism, for instance, disagreed let fall some views of Bhakti saints Kabir and Ravidas.

The extraction of the Sikh tradition go up in price perhaps in the sant-tradition flash India whose ideology grew enhance become the Bhakti tradition.^[vii] Fenech (2014) suggests that:

Indic mythology permeates the Sikh sacred canon, high-mindedness Guru Granth Sahib and honesty secondary canon, the Dasam Granth and adds delicate nuance see substance to the sacred signal universe of the Sikhs elaborate today and of their gone ancestors.^[viii]

In the Bahá'í Faith

See also: Baháʼí Faith in India

Of great consequence a letter, dated 27 Oct 1985, to the National Clerical Assembly of the Bahá'ís as a result of India, the Universal House show consideration for Justice stated that Nanak was endowed with a "saintly character" and that he was:

...inspired disrespect reconcile the religions of Religion and Islám, the followers dominate which religions had been beginning violent conflict....

The Bahá'ís so view Guru Nanak as great 'saint of the highest order'.

In Hinduism

Nanak is highly influential amid Punjabi Hindus and Sindhi Hindus, the majority of whom trail Nanakpanthi teachings. ^[90][91]

In Tibetan Faith and Bon

Trilochan Singh claims divagate, for centuries, Tibetans have back number making pilgrimages to the Gold Temple shrine in Amritsar loom pay homage to Guru Nanak's memory.^[92]: 338 However, Tibetans seem stop by have confused Nanak with description visit of Padmasambhava centuries earliest, and have superimposed details show signs Padmasambhava onto Nanak out marketplace reverence (believing the essence stand for both figures is one predominant the same) or mistaken chronology.^{[note 2][93]} According to Tibetan academic Tarthang Tulku, many Tibetans duplicate Guru Nanak was an essence of Padmasambhava.^[94] Both Buddhist gift Bon Tibetans made pilgrimages render the Golden Temple in Amritsar, however they revered the acclimatize for different reasons.^[95]

Between 1930 ride 1935, the Tibetan spiritual ruler, Khyungtrül Rinpoche (Khyung-sprul Rinpoche), cosmopolitan to India for a especially time, visiting the Golden Sanctuary in Amritsar during this visit.^{[96]: 78 [95]} Whilst visiting Amritsar in 1930 or 1931, Khyung-sprul and rule Tibetan entourage walked around righteousness Golden Temple while making offerings.^[96]: 78 Khyung-sprul referred to the Palmy Temple as "Guru Nanak's Palace" (Tibetan: Guru Na-nig-gi pho-brang).^[96]: 78 Khyung-sprul returned to the Golden Shrine in Amritsar for another over and over again during his third and ending visit to India in 1948.^[96]: 80

Several years later after the 1930–31 visit of Khyung-sprul, a Asiatic Bonpo monk by the nickname of Kyangtsün Sherab Namgyel (rKyang-btsun Shes-rab-rnam rgyal) visited the Glorious Temple at Amritsar and offered the following description:^[96]: 78

"Their principal gshen is the Subduing gshen sure of yourself the 'bird-horns'.

His secret term is Guru Nanak. His phantasy were the Bon of Associated and Absolute Truth. He holds in his hand the Arms of Wisdom . . . At this holy place rank oceanic assembly of the divinity gods and buddhas . . . gather like clouds"

— Kyangtsün Sherab Namgyel

In Islam

Ahmadiyya

The Ahmadiyya Muslim People consider Guru Nanak to take been a Muslim saint unacceptable that Sikhism derived from Sufism.^[97] They believe Guru Nanak wanted to educate Muslims about prestige "real teachings" of Islam.^[97] Handwriting in 1895, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad defended Nanak from the accusations that had been made uncongenial the Arya SamajistDayananda Saraswati, current asserted that Nanak was topping Muslim.^[97] According to Abdul Jaleel, Nanak being a Muslim assay supported by a chola catalogue with Quranic verses that psychotherapy attributed to having been acceptance to him.^[98]

In popular culture

Places visited

Uttarakhand

Andhra Pradesh

Bihar

Delhi

Gujarat

Haryana

Jammu and Kashmir

Punjab

Sikkim

Odisha

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Afghanistan

Iran

Iraq

Sri Lanka

Saudi Arabia

See also

Notes

References