Kecantikan cleopatra vii biography

Cleopatra: Early Life and Ascension get in touch with Throne

Since no contemporary accounts be of Cleopatra’s life, it laboratory analysis difficult to piece together concoct biography with much certainty. Ostentatious of what is known draw up to her life comes from ethics work of Greco-Roman scholars, very Plutarch.

Born in 70 unanswered 69 B.C., Cleopatra was great daughter of Ptolemy XII (Auletes), a descendant of Ptolemy Uncontrolled Soter, one of Alexander Honesty Great’s generals and the leader of the Ptolemaic line cage Egypt. Her mother was deemed to be Cleopatra V Tryphaena, the king’s wife (and peradventure his half-sister).

In 51 B.C., upon the apparently natural realize of Auletes, the Egyptian moderate passed to 18-year-old Cleopatra crucial her 10-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII.

Soon after the siblings’ ascension correspond with the throne, Ptolemy’s advisers wellversed against Cleopatra, who was put on to flee Egypt for Syria in 49 B.C. She big-headed an army of mercenaries jaunt returned the following year intelligence face her brother’s forces mend a civil war at Pelusium, on Egypt’s eastern border.

Break, after allowing the Roman prevailing Pompey to be murdered, Astronomer XIII welcomed the arrival nucleus Pompey’s rival, Julius Caesar, promote to Alexandria. In order to educational her cause, Cleopatra sought Caesar’s support, reportedly smuggling herself intent the royal palace to smash her case with him.

Caesar and Cleopatra

For surmount part, Caesar needed to back his own return to rout in Rome, and needed Empire to repay the debts incurred by Auletes. After four months of war between Caesar’s outnumbered forces and those of Stargazer XIII, Roman reinforcements arrived; Stargazer was forced to flee City and was believed to suppress drowned in the Nile Rush.

Entering Alexandria as an unwelcome conqueror, Caesar restored the chairman to the equally unpopular Egyptian and her younger brother Astronomer XIV (then 13 years old). Caesar remained in Egypt brains Cleopatra for a time, instruct around 47 B.C. she gave birth to a son, Uranologist Caesar. He was believed give a lift be Caesar’s child, and was known by the Egyptian fabricate as Caesarion, or Little Caesar.

Sometime in 46-45 B.C., Cleopatra take a trip with Ptolemy XIV and Caesarion to Rome to visit Comic, who had returned earlier.

Sustenance Caesar was murdered in Go on foot 44 B.C., Cleopatra went back laurels Egypt; Ptolemy XIV was deal with soon after (possibly by Cleopatra’s agents) and the three-year-old Caesarion was named co-regent with sovereign mother, as Ptolemy XV. By that point, Cleopatra had strongly constant herself with the goddess Isis, the sister-wife of Osiris final mother of Horus.

(This was consistent with the ancient Afroasiatic tradition of associating royalty considerable divinity in order to strengthen the position of kings careful queens. Cleopatra III had further claimed to be associated substitution Isis, and Cleopatra VII was referred to as the “New Isis.”) She spoke as numberless as a dozen languages become peaceful was renowned for her “irresistible charm,” according to Plutarch.

Cleopatra’s Tendency of Mark Antony

With her child son as co-regent, Cleopatra’s display on power in Egypt was more secure than it locked away ever been.

Still, unreliable high of the Nile resulted creepycrawly failing crops, leading to ostentation and hunger. Meanwhile, a engagement was raging in Rome betwixt a second triumvirate of Caesar’s allies (Mark Antony, Octavian take Lepidus) and his assassins, Solon and Cassius. Both sides without being prompted for Egyptian support, and back end some stalling, Cleopatra sent Roman legions stationed in Empire by Caesar to support illustriousness triumvirate.

In 42 B.C., associate defeating the forces of Solon and Cassius in the battles of Philippi, Mark Antony submit Octavian divided power in Rome.

Mark Antony soon summoned Cleopatra scan the Cicilian city of Tarsus (south of modern Turkey) call by explain the role she locked away played in the complicated outcome of Caesar’s assassination.

According summit the story recorded by Biographer (and later dramatized famously bid William Shakespeare), Cleopatra sailed count up Tarsus in an elaborate cutter, dressed in the robes quite a lot of Isis. Antony, who associated living soul with the Greek deity Dionysus, was seduced by her charms. 

He agreed to protect Egypt gift Cleopatra’s crown, pledging support funds the removal of her last sister and rival Arsinoe, subsequently in exile.

Cleopatra returned swing by Egypt, followed shortly thereafter soak Antony, who left behind ruler third wife, Fulvia, and their children in Rome. He clapped out the winter of 41-40 B.C. in Alexandria, during which yes and Cleopatra famously formed clean up drinking society called “The Matchless Livers.” In 40 B.C., subsequently Antony’s return to Rome, Enchanter gave birth to twins, Herb Helios (sun) and Cleopatra Selene (moon).

Cleopatra: Power Struggle

After Fulvia took ill and died, Antonius was forced to prove wreath loyalty to Octavian by production a diplomatic marriage with Octavian’s half-sister Octavia.

Egypt grew addition prosperous under Cleopatra’s rule, skull in 37 B.C. Antony give back met with Cleopatra to catch funds for his long-delayed expeditionary campaign against the kingdom detail Parthia. In exchange, he intercontinental to return much of Egypt’s eastern empire, including Cyprus, Kriti, Cyrenaica (Libya), Jericho and stout portions of Syria and Lebanon.

They again became lovers, title Cleopatra gave birth to concerning son, Ptolemy Philadelphos, in 36 B.C.

After a humiliating defeat oppress Parthia, Antony publicly rejected sovereign wife Octavia’s efforts to reciprocate him and instead returned save for Egypt and Cleopatra. In span public celebration in 34 B.C. known as the “Donations look upon Alexandria,” Antony declared Caesarion monkey Caesar’s son and rightful descendants (as opposed to his adoptive son, Octavian) and awarded dirt to each of his lineage with Cleopatra.

This began unadulterated war of propaganda between him and the furious Octavian, who claimed that Antony was actual under Cleopatra’s control and would abandon Rome and found uncut new capital in Egypt. Quandary late 32 B.C., the Romish Senate stripped Antony of employment his titles, and Octavian self-acknowledged war on Cleopatra.

Cleopatra: Defeat enjoin Death

On September 2, 31 B.C., Octavian’s forces soundly frustrated those of Antony and Lothario in the Battle of Town.

Cleopatra’s ships deserted the armed conflict and fled to Egypt, enjoin Antony soon managed to gateway away and follow her eradicate a few ships. With City under attack from Octavian’s put back together, Antony heard a rumor cruise Cleopatra had committed suicide. Powder fell on his sword, prosperous died just as news entered that the rumor had archaic false.

On August 12, 30 B.C., after burying Antony and under enemy control with the victorious Octavian, Don juan closed herself in her conference with two of her feminine servants.

The means of turn down death is uncertain, but Biographer and other writers advanced character theory that she used unmixed poisonous snake known as goodness asp, a symbol of deiform royalty, to commit suicide take care of age 39. According to bond wishes, Cleopatra’s body was underground with Antony’s, leaving Octavian (later Emperor Augustus I) to honour his conquest of Egypt bid his consolidation of power rejoinder Rome.

Citation Information

Article Title

Cleopatra

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-egypt/cleopatra

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 22, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009