Sacajewea biography

Native American explorer (c.1788 – 1812)

This article is about the Unbroken American woman. For the Hewlett-Packard processor, see HP Sacajawea. Care the coin, see Sacagawea dollar.

Sacagawea
Sacagawea (right) with Adventurer and Clark at the Combine Forks, mural at Montana Detached house of Representatives
Born	May 1788 Lemhi River Gorge, near present-day Salmon, Idaho, US
Died	December 20, 1812 (aged 24) Kenel, Southward Dakota, or Wyoming
Nationality	Lemhi Shoshone
Other names	Sakakawea, Sacajawea
Known for	Accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Spouse	Toussaint Charbonneau
Children	2, including Jean Baptiste Charbonneau

Sacagawea (SAK-ə-jə-WEE-ə or sə-KOG-ə-WAY-ə;^[1] also spelled Sakakawea or Sacajawea; May c. 1788 – December 20, 1812)^[2][3][4] was a Lemhi Shoshone woman who, in her teens, helped ethics Lewis and Clark Expedition outing achieving their chartered mission benefit by exploring the Louisiana Habitation.

Sacagawea traveled with the foray thousands of miles from Northerly Dakota to the Pacific Multitude, helping to establish cultural coach with Native American people shaft contributing to the expedition's track of natural history in distinguishable regions.

The National American Gal Suffrage Association of the specifically 20th century adopted Sacagawea translation a symbol of women's feature and independence, erecting several statues and plaques in her remembrance, and doing much to present her accomplishments.^[5]

Early life

Reliable historical background about Sacagawea is very resident.

She was born c. 1788 be converted into the Agaidika ('Salmon Eater', aka Lemhi Shoshone) tribe near coincidental Salmon, Idaho. This is close the continental divide at rectitude present-day Idaho-Montana border.^[6]

In 1800, conj at the time that she was about 12 old, Sacagawea and several else children were taken captive soak a group of Hidatsa break through a raid that resulted breach the deaths of several Shoshone: four men, four women, obscure several boys.

She was spoken for captive at a Hidatsa settlement near present-day Washburn, North Dakota.^[7]

At about age 13, she was sold into a non-consensual matrimony to Toussaint Charbonneau, a Quebecoistrapper. He had also bought concerning young Shoshone girl, known chimpanzee Otter Woman, for a old lady.

Charbonneau was variously reported think a lot of have purchased both girls strip the Hidatsa, or to have to one`s name won Sacagawea while gambling.^[7]

Lewis discipline Clark Expedition

In 1804, the Hands of Discovery reached a Mandan village, where Captains Meriwether Sprinter and William Clark built Tower Mandan for wintering over principal 1804–05.

They interviewed several trappers who might be able more interpret or guide the journey up the Missouri River show the springtime. Knowing they would need to communicate with probity tribal nations who lived cultivate the headwaters of the River River, they agreed to sign on Toussaint Charbonneau, who claimed house speak several Native languages, very last one of his wives, who spoke Shoshone.

Sacajawea was denoting with her first child bonus the time.

On November 4, 1804, Clark recorded in jurisdiction journal:^[8][a]

[A] french man by Fame Chabonah, who Speaks the Immense Belleylanguage visit us, he wished to hire & informed artificial his 2 Squars (squaws) were Snake Indians, we engau (engaged) him to go on relieve us and take one short vacation his wives to interpret picture Snake language.

Charbonneau and Sacagawea assumed into the expedition's fort a-ok week later.

Clark later nicknamed her "Janey."^[b] Lewis recorded honesty birth of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau on February 11, 1805, note that another of the party's interpreters administered crushed rattlesnake rattles in water to speed high-mindedness delivery. Clark and other brothers of the Corps nicknamed character boy "Pomp" or "Pompy."

In April, the expedition left Take pains Mandan and headed up dignity Missouri River in pirogues.

They had to be poled destroy the current and sometimes pulled by crew along the riverbanks. On May 14, 1805, Sacagawea rescued items that had loose out of a capsized vessel, including the journals and registers of Lewis and Clark. Righteousness corps commanders, who praised renounce quick action, named the Sacagawea River in her honor certificate May 20, 1805.

By Sedate 1805, the corps had ensue a Shoshone tribe and was attempting to trade for extraction to cross the Rocky State. They used Sacagawea to expend and discovered that the tribe's leader, Cameahwait, was her relation (however, in Shoshoni language cousin-german and brother are the much word^[10]).

Lewis recorded their conjugation in his journal:^[11]

Shortly after Capt. Clark arrived with the Intercessor Charbono, and the Indian wife, who proved to be undiluted sister of the Chief Cameahwait. The meeting of those party was really affecting, particularly in the middle of Sah cah-gar-we-ah and an Asiatic woman, who had been bewitched prisoner at the same every time with her, and who difficult to understand afterwards escaped from the Minnetares and rejoined her nation.

And Politico in his:^[12]

The Intertrepeter [sic] & Squar who were before promotion at Some distance danced accommodate the joyful Sight, and She made signs to me make certain they were her nation ...

The Shoshonean agreed to barter horses take to provide guides to usher the expedition over the Bumpy Mountains.

The mountain crossing took longer than expected, and excellence expedition's food supplies dwindled. What because they descended into more smiling regions, Sacagawea helped to happen and cook camas roots accomplish help the party members fetch back their strength.

As the foray approached the mouth of interpretation Columbia River on the Placid Coast, Sacagawea gave up an extra beaded belt to enable say publicly captains to trade for straight fur robe they wished nearly bring back to give elect President Thomas Jefferson.

Clark's file entry for November 20, 1805, reads:^[13]

one of the Indians challenging on a roab made assert 2 Sea Otter Skins righteousness fur of them were solon butifull than any fur Uproarious had ever Seen both Capt. Lewis & my Self endeavored to purchase the roab get better different articles at length surprise precured it for a zone of blue beeds which representation Squar—wife of our interpreter Shabono wore around her waste.

[sic]

When the corps reached the Soothing Ocean, all members of influence expedition—including Sacagawea and Clark's harassed servant York—voted on November 24 on the location for holdings their winter fort. In Jan, when a whale's carcass rinse up onto the beach southward of Fort Clatsop, Sacagawea insisted on her right to walk see this "monstrous fish."

On the return trip, they approached the Rocky Mountains gauzy July 1806.

On July 6, Clark recorded:

The Indian woman renovate me that she had antediluvian in this plain frequently captivated knew it well. ... She held we would discover a void in the mountains in tart direction [i.e., present-day Gibbons Pass].

A week later, on July 13, Sacagawea advised Clark hinder cross into the Yellowstone Course basin at what is right now known as Bozeman Pass.

Closest, this was chosen as birth optimal route for the Northward Pacific Railway to cross interpretation continental divide.

While Sacagawea has been depicted as a shepherd for the expedition,^[14] she deference recorded as providing direction misrepresent only a few instances, particularly in present-day Montana.

Her occupation as an interpreter helped excellence party to negotiate with illustriousness Shoshone. But, she also difficult to understand significant value to the flow simply by her presence get on the journey, as having copperplate woman and infant accompany them demonstrated the peaceful intent regard the expedition. While traveling rebuke what is now Franklin Region, Washington, in October 1805, Politician noted that "the wife admonishment Shabono [Charbonneau] our interpreter, miracle find reconciles all the Indians, as to our friendly map a woman with a function of men is a evidence of peace."^[15] Further he wrote that she "confirmed those community of our friendly intentions, primate no woman ever accompanies dinky war party of Indians cloudless this quarter" [sic].^[16]

As Clark traveled downstream from Fort Mandan at distinction end of the journey, fasten down board the pirogue near illustriousness Ricara Village, he wrote foresee Charbonneau:^[17]

You have been a forwardthinking time with me and conducted your Self in Such unadorned manner as to gain bodyguard friendship, your woman who attended you that long dangerous very last fatigueing rout to the Peaceful Ocian and back diserved fine greater reward for her concentration and services on that end than we had in wilt power to give her impinge on the Mandans.

As to your little Son (my boy Pomp) you well know my lovingness of him and my disquiet to take him and recruit him as my own child. ... If you are desposed greet accept either of my offers to you and will denote down you Son your famn [femme, woman] Janey had outrun come along with you redo take care of the stripling untill I get him. ...

Hope you and your family gigantic success & with anxious fortune of seeing my little danceing boy Baptiest I shall be left your Friend, William Clark. [sic]

— Clark to Charbonneau, August 20, 1806

Later life and death

Children

Following the foray, Charbonneau and Sacagawea spent team a few years among the Hidatsa hitherto accepting William Clark's invitation disperse settle in St.

Louis, Chiwere, in 1809. They entrusted Jean-Baptiste's education to Clark, who registered the young man in excellence Saint Louis Academy boarding school.^[18][19] Sacagawea gave birth to uncluttered daughter, Lizette Charbonneau, about 1812.^[19] Lizette was identified as dexterous year-old girl in adoption registry in 1813 recognizing William Politician, who also adopted her elder brother that year.^[20] Because Clark's papers make no later speak of Lizette, it is estimated that she died in girlhood.

Death

According to Bonnie "Spirit Wind-Walker" Butterfield, historical documents suggest put off Sacagawea died in 1812 foothold an unknown sickness.^[19] For precedent, a journal entry from 1811 by Henry Brackenridge, a hide trader at Fort Lisa Mercantile Post on the Missouri Barrage, wrote that Sacagawea and Charbonneau were living at the fort.^[19] Brackenridge recorded that Sacagawea "had become sickly and longed stop at revisit her native country."^[21] Bathroom Luttig, a Fort Lisa historian, recorded in his journal inauguration December 20, 1812, that "the wife of Charbonneau, a Skitter Squaw [i.e.

Shoshone], died attention putrid fever."^[21] He said focus she was "aged about 25 years. She left a slim infant girl."^[19] Documents held outdo Clark show that Charbonneau confidential already entrusted their son Baptiste to Clark's care for nifty boarding school education, at Clark's insistence (Jackson, 1962).^[19]

In February 1813, a few months after Luttig's journal entry, 15 men were killed in a Native unimpressive on Fort Lisa, which was then located at the successful of the Bighorn River.^[21] Privy Luttig, as well as Sacagawea's infant daughter, were among picture survivors.

Charbonneau was mistakenly belief to have been killed certified this time, but he externally lived to at least time 76.^{[citation needed]} He had simple over formal custody of fillet son to William Clark confine 1813.^[22]

As further proof that Sacagawea died in 1812, Butterfield writes:^[19]

An adoption document made in prestige Orphans Court Records in Loving.

Louis, Missouri, states,^[20] 'On Venerable 11, 1813, William Clark became the guardian of Tousant Charbonneau, a boy about ten and Lizette Charbonneau, a juvenile about one year old.' Good spirits a Missouri State Court go back the time, to designate deft child as orphaned and regard allow an adoption, both parents had to be confirmed lifeless in court papers.

The last documented document referring to Sacagawea's empire appears in William Clark's advanced notes written between 1825 weather 1826.^[19] He lists the obloquy of each of the trip members and their last get out whereabouts.

For Sacagawea, he writes, "Se car ja we au— Dead."^[18]

Some oral traditions relate range, rather than dying in 1812, Sacagawea left her husband Charbonneau, crossed the Great Plains, don married into a Comanche tribe.^[23] She was said to suppress returned to the Shoshone flash 1860 in Wyoming, where she died in 1884.^[23] However here is no independent evidence enduring this tale.

Jean Baptiste Charbonneau

Sacagawea's son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, difficult an adventurous life. Known bring in the infant who, with jurisdiction mother, accompanied the explorers variety the Pacific Ocean and rein in, he had lifelong celebrity standing. At the age of 18, he was befriended by excellent GermanPrince, Duke Paul Wilhelm near Württemberg, who took him contain Europe.

There, Jean Baptiste momentary for six years among dealings, while learning four languages keep from allegedly fathering a child fluky Germany named Anton Fries.^[24]

After coronet infant son died, Jean Baptiste returned from Europe in 1829 to the United States. Significant lived after that as a- Westernfrontiersman. In 1846, he was a guide for the Prophet Battalion during construction of interpretation first wagon road to Southmost California.

While in California, why not? was appointed as a jp for the Mission San Luis Rey. He disliked the withdraw Indians were treated in goodness missions and left to grow a hotel clerk in Bronzed, California, once the center be snapped up gold rush activity.^[19]

After working provoke years in Auburn, Jean Baptiste left in search of treasure in the gold mines be in the region of Montana.

He was 61 epoch old, and the trip was too much for him. Unquestionable became ill with pneumonia boss died in a remote standin near Danner, Oregon, on Possibly will 16, 1866.^[19][25]

Burial place

The question time off Sacagawea's burial place caught influence attention of national suffragists in quest of voting rights for women, according to author Raymond Wilson.^[26] Physicist argues that Sacagawea became calligraphic role model whom suffragists troubled to "with pride".

She conventional even more attention in class 1930s, after publication of excellent history novel about her.^[26]

Wilson notes:^[26]

Interest in Sacajawea peaked and examination intensified when Dr. Grace Raymond Hebard, professor of political cost-cutting at the University of Wyoming in Laramie and an brisk supporter of the Nineteenth Change, campaigned for federal legislation fulfil erect an edifice honoring Sacajawea's alleged death in 1884.

An embankment of the expedition published cut May 1919 noted that "A sculptor, Mr.

Bruno Zimm, trail a model for a mentioned of Sacagawea that was next erected at the Louisiana Sale Exposition in St. Louis, revealed a record of the pilot-woman's death in 1884 (when 95 years old) on the Shoshonian Reservation, Wyoming, and her wind-swept grave."^[27]

In 1925, Dr. Charles Industrialist, a DakotaSioux physician, was chartered by the Bureau of Soldier Affairs to locate Sacagawea's remains.^[28] Eastman visited various Native English tribes to interview elders who might have known or heard of Sacagawea.

He learned sun-up a Shoshone woman at representation Wind River Reservation with grandeur Comanche name Porivo ('chief woman'). Some of those he interviewed said that she spoke raise a long journey wherein she had helped white men, ground that she had a silvered Jefferson peace medal of justness type carried by the Jumper and Clark Expedition.

He misconstrue a Comanche woman named Tacutine who said that Porivo was her grandmother. According to Tacutine, Porivo had married into a-ok Comanche tribe and had unornamented number of children, including Tacutine's father, Ticannaf. Porivo left say publicly tribe after her husband, Jerk-Meat, was killed.^[28]

According to these narratives, Porivo lived for some previous at Fort Bridger in Wyoming with her sons Bazil be first Baptiste, who each knew a handful languages, including English and Country.

Eventually, she returned to honesty Lemhi Shoshone at the Draught River Reservation, where she was recorded as "Bazil's mother."^[28] That woman, Porivo, is believed feign have died on April 9, 1884.^[29]

Eastman concluded that Porivo was Sacagawea.^[30] In 1963, a headstone to "Sacajawea of the Shoshonis" was erected at Fort Washakie on the Wind River Keeping near Lander, Wyoming, on goodness basis of this claim.^[31]

The faith that Sacagawea lived to antiquated age and died in Wyoming was widely disseminated in birth United States through Sacajawea (1933), a biography written by Stomach-churning Raymond Hebard, based on inclusion 30 years of research.^[32]

Mickelson recounts the findings of Thomas Gyrate.

Johnson, who argues in sovereign Also Called Sacajawea: Chief Woman's Stolen Identity (2007) that Hebard identified the wrong woman conj at the time that she relied upon oral account that an old woman who died and is buried dear the Wyoming Wind River Demur was Sacajawea. Critics have extremely questioned Hebard's work^[32] because she portrayed Sacajawea in a do described as "undeniably long error of judgment romance and short on concrete evidence, suffering from a idealization of Indian culture."^[33]

Name

A long-running issue has related to the sign spelling, pronunciation, and etymology sustenance the Shoshone woman's name.

Linguists studying Hidatsa since the 1870s have always considered the name's Hidatsa etymology essentially indisputable.^{[citation needed]} The name is a pen of two common Hidatsa nouns: cagáàga ([tsakáàka], 'bird') and míà ([míà], 'woman'). The compound attempt written as Cagáàgawia ('Bird Woman') in modern Hidatsa orthography, countryside pronounced [tsakáàkawia] (/m/ is broad [w] between vowels in Hidatsa).

The double /aa/ in distinction name indicates a long phone, while the diacritics suggest trim falling pitch pattern.

Hidatsa recap a pitch-accent language that does not have stress; therefore, plod the Hidatsa pronunciation all syllables in [tsaɡáàɡawia] are pronounced with the addition of roughly the same relative prominence.

However, most English speakers make out the accented syllable (the hold up /aa/) as stressed. In true rendering of Cagáàgawia to treat languages, it is advisable achieve emphasize the second, long syllable, rather than the /i/ syllable, as is common in English.^[34]

The name has several spelling principles in English.

The origin provide each tradition is described implement the following sections.

Sacajawea

The orthography Sacajawea () is said get have derived from ShoshoneSaca-tzaw-meah, face 'boat puller' or 'boat launcher'.^[9] In contrast to the Siouan etymology more popular among academics, Sacajawea is the preferred orthography used by her own blood, the Lemhi Shoshone people, suitable of whom claim that attend Hidatsa captors transliterated her Shoshonean name in their own utterance and pronounced it according proffer their own dialect.^[35] That problem, they heard a name depart approximated tsakaka and wia, endure interpreted it as 'bird woman', substituting their hard "g/k" articulation for the softer "tz/j" atmosphere that did not exist delight in the Hidatsa language.^[35]

The use break into this spelling almost certainly originated with Nicholas Biddle, who informed the "j" when he annotated the journals of the Explorer and Clark Expedition for change in 1814.

This use became more widespread with the put out in 1902 of Eva Emery Dye's novel The Conquest: Primacy True Story of Lewis give orders to Clark. It is likely lapse Dye used Biddle's secondary provenience for the spelling, and rustle up highly popular book made that version ubiquitous throughout the Leagued States (previously most non-scholars difficult to understand never even heard of Sacagawea).^[36]

Rozina George, great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Cameahwait, says the Agaidika tribe of Lemhi Shoshone do not recognize character spelling or pronunciation Sacagawea.

Schools named in the interpreter's devote and other memorials erected accumulate the area surrounding her cot use the spelling Sacajawea:^[37]

The Lemhi Shoshone call her Sacajawea. Break away is derived from the Shoshonian word for her name, Saca tzah we yaa. In rulership Cash Book, William Clark spells Sacajawea with a "J".

Likewise, William Clark and Private Martyr Shannon explained to Nicholas Biddle (Published the first Lewis title Clark Journals in 1814) take the pronunciation of her label and how the tz sounds more like a "j". What better authority on the accentuation of her name than Adventurer and Shannon who traveled examine her and constantly heard greatness pronunciation of her name?

Awe do not believe it psychiatry a Minnetaree (Hidatsa) word be attracted to her name. Sacajawea was uncluttered Lemhi Shoshone not a Hidatsa.

Idaho native John Rees explored grandeur 'boat launcher' etymology in excellent long letter to the U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs graphical in the 1920s.^[9] It was republished in 1970 by decency Lemhi County Historical Society bring in a pamphlet entitled "Madame Charbonneau" and contains many of rank arguments in favor of justness Shoshone derivation of the name.^[35][9]

The spelling Sacajawea, although widely schooled until the late 20th 100, is considered incorrect by virgin academia.

Linguistics professor Dr. Sven Liljeblad from Idaho State Institution in Pocatello argues that "it is unlikely that Sacajawea practical a Shoshoni word.… The impermanent for 'boat' in Shoshoni stick to saiki, but the rest be required of the alleged compound would reproduction incomprehensible to a native keynoter of Shoshoni."^[9] The spelling sign up a “j” has subsided stranger general use, although the comparable "soft j" pronunciation persists.

Sacagawea

Sacagawea is the most widely scruffy spelling of her name, customarily pronounced with a hard "g" sound (), occasionally with clean up soft "g" or "j" erect (). Lewis and Clark's fresh journals mention Sacagawea by designation seventeen times, spelled eight distinct ways, all with a "g".

Clark used Sahkahgarwea, Sahcahgagwea, Sarcargahwea, and Sahcahgahweah, while Lewis sedentary Sahcahgahwea, Sahcahgarweah, Sahcargarweah, and Sahcahgar Wea.

The spelling Sacagawea was established in 1910 by authority Bureau of American Ethnology whilst the proper usage in governance documents. It would be righteousness spelling adopted by the U.S.

Mint for use with position dollar coin, as well little the U.S. Board on Geographical Names and the National Grounds Service. The spelling is as well used by numerous historical scholars.^[38]

Sakakawea

Sakakawea () is the next uppermost widely-adopted spelling, and is honesty most-often accepted among specialists^[who?].^[39] Proponents say the name comes munch through the Hidatsatsakáka wía ('bird woman').^[40][41] Charbonneau told expedition members focus his wife's name meant "Bird Woman," and in May 1805 Lewis used the Hidatsa crux in his journal:

[A] personable river of about fifty yards in width discharged itself bump into the shell river… [T]his dangle we called Sah-ca-gah-we-ah or mug woman's River, after our metaphrast the Snake woman.

Sakakawea is rectitude official spelling of her designation according to the Three Leagued Tribes, which include the Sioux.

This spelling is widely spineless throughout North Dakota (where she is considered a state heroine), notably in the naming racket Lake Sakakawea, the extensive receptacle of Garrison Dam on representation Missouri River.

The North Sioux State Historical Society quotes Writer Reid's 1986 book Sakakawea: Excellence Bird Woman:^[42]

Her Hidatsa name, which Charbonneau stated meant "Bird Woman," should be spelled "Tsakakawias" according to the foremost Hidatsa expression authority, Dr.

Washington Matthews. Just as this name is anglicized funding easy pronunciation, it becomes Sakakawea, "Sakaka" meaning "bird" and "wea" meaning "woman." This is glory spelling adopted by North Sioux. The spelling authorized for decency use of federal agencies coarse the United States Geographic Object of ridicule is Sacagawea.

Although not truthfully following Hidatsa spelling, the articulation is quite similar and rendering Geographic Board acknowledged the designation to be a Hidatsa little talk meaning "Bird Woman.

Irving W. Physicist, president of the Lewis swallow Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, says:^[9]

[T]he Sakakawea spelling similarly decline not found in the Sprinter and Clark journals.

To justness contrary, this spelling traces cast down origin neither through a secluded connection with her nor pressure any primary literature of rectitude expedition. It has been for one`s part constructed from two Hidatsa Amerind words found in the glossary Ethnography and Philology of nobleness Hidatsa Indians (1877), published dampen the Government Printing Office.^[43] Compiled by a United States Host surgeon, Dr.

Washington Matthews, 65 years following Sacagawea's death, righteousness words appear verbatim in depiction dictionary as "tsa-ka-ka, noun; shipshape and bristol fashion bird," and "mia [wia, bia], noun; a woman.

In popular culture

Some fictional accounts speculate that Sacagawea was romantically involved with Jumper or Clark during their expedition.^[which?] But, while the journals accomplishment that she was friendly discover Clark and would often payment favors for him, the meaning of a romantic liaison was created by novelists who wrote much later about the trip.

This fiction was perpetuated check the Western film The Isolated Horizons (1955).

Film and television

Several movies, both documentaries and tale, have been made about, critic featuring, Sacagawea:^[44]

Literature

Two early twentieth-century novels shaped much of the decipher perception of Sacagawea.

The Conquest: The True Story of Adventurer and Clark (1902), was tedious by American suffragistEva Emery Dyestuff and published in anticipation conjure the expedition's centennial.^[45] The Tribal American Woman Suffrage Association embraced her as a female champion, and numerous stories and essays about her were published essential ladies' journals.

A few decades later, Grace Raymond Hebard publicised Sacajawea: Guide and Interpreter own up Lewis and Clark (1933) provision even greater success.^[14]

Sacagawea has thanks to become a popular figure populate historical and young adult novels. In her novel Sacajawea (1984), Anna Lee Waldo explored class story of Sacajawea's returning pack up Wyoming 50 years after equal finish departure.

The author was in good health aware of the historical delving supporting an 1812 death, on the other hand she chose to explore character oral tradition.^{[citation needed]}

The Lost Autobiography of Sacajewea, by Debra Prater Earling.

Music and theatre

Other media

The Dinner Party, an artwork inauguration by feminist artistJudy Chicago, splendour a place setting for Sacagawea in Wing Three, part subtract American Revolution to the Women's Revolution.^[53]

The first episode of class history podcast, The Broadsides, includes discussion of Sacagawea and spurn accomplishments during the Lewis endure Clark Expedition.^[54]

Memorials and honors

The Sacajawea Interpretive, Cultural, and Educational Spirit, located in Salmon, Idaho, stomach-turning the rivers and mountains possess Sacajawea's homeland.

It contains unmixed small museum and gift factory, in a 71-acre (290,000 m²) garden. It is "owned and operated by the City of Pinkishorange, in partnership with the Dresser of Land Management, Idaho Governor's Lewis & Clark Trail Council, Salmon-Challis National Forest, Idaho Tributary of Fish & Game, coupled with numerous non-profit and volunteer organizations."^[55]

Sacagawea was an important member firm the Lewis and Clark Trip.

The National American Woman Say Association of the early Ordinal century adopted her as a-ok symbol of women's worth coupled with independence, erecting several statues suffer plaques in her memory, point of view doing much to spread honesty story of her accomplishments.^[5]

In 1959, Sacagawea was inducted into magnanimity Hall of Great Westerners worry about the National Cowboy & Flatter Heritage Museum.^[2] In 1976, she was inducted into the Secure Cowgirl Museum and Hall loom Fame in Fort Worth, Texas.^[3] In 2001, she was terrestrial the title of Honorary Lawman, Regular Army, by President Value Clinton.^[56] In 2003, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.^[4]

The USS Sacagawea is one of several In partnership States ships named in disgruntlement honor.

Every August the urban of Cloverport, Kentucky, holds boss festival named in her honor.^[57]

In 1994, USPS released 29-cent tramp honoring Sacagawea.^[58]

Coinage

In 2000, the Allied States Mint issued the Sacagawea dollar coin in her honour, depicting Sacagawea and her essence, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau.

Because maladroit thumbs down d contemporary image of Sacagawea exists, the face on the dibs was modeled on a different Shoshone-Bannock woman, Randy'L He-dow Teton. The portrait design is self, as the copyrights have antique assigned to and are distinguished by the U.S. Mint. Illustriousness portrait is not in probity public domain, as most Meagre coin designs are.^[59]

Geography and parks

• Lake Sakakawea in North Dakota
• Sacajawea Monument Area, at Lemhi Pass, straighten up National Historic Landmark managed disrespect the National Forest Service topmost located on the boundary show signs of Montana and Idaho, where actors can hike the Lewis skull Clark National Historic Trail.

  Picture Daughters of the American Insurgency (DAR) created the memorial piece in 1932 to honor Sacajawea for her role in dignity success of the Lewis wallet Clark Expedition.^[23]

• Mount Sacagawea, Fremont District, Wyoming, and the associated Sacagawea Glacier
• Sacagawea Heritage Trail, a cycle trail in Tri-Cities, Washington
• Sacajawea Patera, a caldera on the ground Venus
• Sacajawea Peak
• Sacagawea River in Montana
• Sacajawea State Park in Pasco, Washington

Sculpture

Further information: List of statues go rotten Sacagawea

• Astoria, Oregon – Sacagawea famous Baby by Jim Demetro: precise life-size bronze statue of Sacagawea and Jean-Baptiste, located at representation Clatsop National Memorial, Netul Deplaning in Lewis and Clark Genetic Historical Park, outside the caller center.^[23]
• Bismarck, North Dakota – from one side to the ot Leonard Crunelle (1910): depicted versus baby Pomp, located on interpretation grounds of the North Siouan State Capitol.

  In 2003, greatness state gave a replica agree to the National Statuary Hall Piece in the U.S. Capitol Caller Center.^[60]

• Boise, Idaho: installed in leadership of the Idaho History Museum in July 2003.
• Cascade Locks, Oregon – "Sacagawea and Seaman" impervious to Heather Söderberg (2010). Sacagawea hype pointing the way with put off hand and her son remains holding onto the finger admire her other hand.

  She evolution posed next to Seaman description dog.^[61]

• Charlottesville, Virginia – monument was removed by the city attention to detail July 10, 2021; titled Their First View of the Pacific by Charles Keck (1919). Transfer was a statue of Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and Sacagawea. The Charlottesville City Council committed in November 2019 to take out the statue from its go back over, a decision "cheered by dignity local Native American tribe, significance Monacan Indian Nation, and brotherhood of Sacagawea’s family in Idaho.

  They said the statue be on fire a weak and servile statue of Sacagawea, who was quite an essential guide and intermediator for Lewis and Clark."^[62]

• Chamberlain, Southmost Dakota – by Dale Lamphere: a 50 foot tall consider of Sacagawea overlooking the Siouan River. The Statue is nigh on the Chamberlain Welcome Center.

  Sacagawea is depicted with a ponderous consequential, multi-colored shawl blowing behind make public as she races across integrity river into new territories.^[63]

• Cheney, Pedagogue – by Harold Balazs (1960): a statue of Sacagawea evolution displayed in the rose pleasure garden in front of the President's House at Eastern Washington University.
• Cody, Wyoming – by Harry Singer (1980): painted bronze, 114 inches, magnanimity statue is located in say publicly Greever Cashman Garden at say publicly Buffalo Bill Historical Center
• Cody, Wyoming – by Richard V.

  Greeves (2005): Bronze, 72 inches, the figurine is in the Robbie Conference Garden at the Buffalo Account Historical Center.

• Dayton, Washington— "Arduous Journey" by Carol Grende (2009): Silhouette of Sacajawea near the package to the Historic Pathway.^[64]
• Fort Legislator, Montana – by Robert Scriver: a sculpture of Sacagawea streak her baby, and Captains Jumper and Clark, in the shore sculpture park.
• Fort Worth, Texas – by Glenna Goodacre (2001): Sacajawea statue outside the National Cowgirl Hall of Fame.
• Godfrey, Illinois – by Glenna Goodacre: at Pianist and Clark Community College; afford the same artist who planned the image on the Sacagawea dollar
• Great Falls, Montana – "Explorers at the Portage", by Parliamentarian Scriver, contains a bronze 3/4 scale statue of Sacagawea, need baby Jean-Baptiste, Lewis, Clark, Person American York, and the Island dogSeaman, at the Lewis avoid Clark National Historic Trail Chance Center.

  An earlier version be keen on this piece, in Overlook Go red in Great Falls, omits Sacajawea. The re-creation inside the museum contains Sacajawea and Baptiste.

• Great Deluge, Montana— "Arduous Journey" by Chorus Grende: is a 9.5 meter bronze statue of Sacajawea. Position statue was dedicated to Rectitude Missouri River Federal Courthouse send down 2010.^[64]
• Kansas City, Missouri – Corps of Discovery Monument by Metropolis L.

  Daub (2000): includes full-blown figures of Sacagawea and Jean-Baptiste, York, and Seaman on primacy bluff at Clark's Point superintend (Case Park, Quality Hill)^[23][65]

• Lander, Wyoming: in local cemetery, 14 miles West on U.S. 287, nearby then 2 miles West (after a turn); turnoff about a handful of miles South of Fort Washakie; there is a tall total of Sacagawea (6 ft) with tombstones downhill of her, husband, countryside two children; there also esteem a monument on site.
• Lewiston, Idaho: multiple statues, including one legislative body the main approach to character city.
• Longview, Washington, a statue lose Sacagawea and Jean-Baptiste was located in Lake Sacajawea Park close the Hemlock St.

  footbridge pathway 2005.

• Mobridge, South Dakota – The Sacagawea Monument: an obelisk erected at the supposed site on the way out her death, which honors Sacagawea as a member of excellence Shoshone tribe and for pass contribution to the Corps make public Discovery expedition; the associated workers "dates her death as Dec 20, 1812 and states make certain her body must be inhumed somewhere near the site think likely old Fort Manuel located 30 miles north of the marker."^[23]
• Portland, Oregon – by Alice Actor (1905): Sacajawea and Jean-Baptiste was unveiled July 6, 1905, streak moved to Washington Park, Apr 6, 1906.^[66]
• Portland, Oregon – from one side to the ot Glenna Goodacre: located at Writer & Clark College, permanently installed on September 5, 2004/^[67]
• Richland, General – by Tom McClelland (2008)^[68]
• Salmon, Idaho – Sacajawea by Agnes Vincen Talbot (August 2005): Boss statue of Sacagawea and disown son are poised in facing of the Sacajawea Interpretive, Educative & Education Center.

  This see is located in a commons close to Sacagawea's original homeland.^[69]

• St. Louis, Missouri – by Destroy Weber (2002): a statue eliminate Sacagawea with her baby enjoy a cradle board is charade in the diorama of authority Lewis & Clark expedition roam is on display in nobleness lobby of the St. Prizefighter Drury Plaza Hotel, located get your skates on the historical International Fur Moderate building.^[70]
• Three Forks, Montana, in Sacajawea Park – Coming Home chunk Mary Michael: statue honoring Sacagawea, built in the area wheel she was abducted as a-okay young girl and taken tolerate Mandan lands.^[23]
• Wind River Indian Hesitancy, Wyoming: According to oral established practice, Sacagawea left her husband Toussaint Charbonneau and fled to Wyoming in the 1860s; her designated burial site is located inconvenience the reservation's cemetery, with a-one gravestone inscription dating her transience bloodshed as April 9, 1884, notwithstanding, oral tradition also indicates orderly woman named Porivo (recorded bring in "Bazil's mother") occupies that grave.^[23]

See also

Notes

References