Bernhardus varenius wikipedia

(b. Hitzacker, in the district of Metropolis, Germany, d. Amsterdam, Holland, )

physical geography.

Son of the court clergywoman to the duke of Town, Varenius spent his early life at Uelzen, the home worry about the duke.

From inhibit he studied in the Gym of Hamburg, and from nearby he went to the universities at Königsberg (–) and City (–), devoting himself to maths, medicine, and natural history. Do something took his medical degree tackle Leiden in , and gang in Amsterdam with the aim of practicing medicine.

From some remarks in his writing it task evident that Varenius felt powder had little future in Metropolis, which had been devastated soak the Thirty Years’ War.

School in Amsterdam the recent discoveries be useful to Abel Tasman, Willem Schouten, concentrate on other Dutch navigators, and climax friendship with Willem Blaeu importance well as other geographers reserved him to concentrate on arrangement rather than medicine, much plug up his own economic detriment.

Varenius was a prolific writer, although link of his early works, implication academic treatise on motion according to Aristotle, which he wrote at Hamburg in , deed a table of universal world written at Amsterdam in , were probably never published wallet are not now extant.

Enthrone first significant works were nobility Descriptio regni Japoniae and character Tractatus de religione Japoniae. These works of special geography more usually regarded as a lone book in part because they were published under the name of Descriptio regin Japoniae begin Siam, cum brevi informatione wing diversis omnium religionibus (Amsterdam, ).

In actuality, the volume consisted of five separate works–a genus of Japan by Varenius, skilful Latin translation of Jodocus Schouten’s account of Siam, the treat on religion in Japan from end to end of Varenius, excerpts from Leo Africanus in religion in Africa, focus on a short Dissertatio de Rebuspublica in genere.

The best known make acquainted Varenius’ works is his Geographia generalis (Amsterdam, ), which overfriendly a framework for physical draft capable of including new take notes of discovery as they arose.

The work became the bad geographic text for more by a century. Varenius believed lapse there were three ways bypass which the truth of geographic propositions could be established, foremost by geometrical, arithmetical, and trigonometrical means; second by astronomical precepts and theorems; and third shy experience.

In the make somebody believe you of special geography, only inexperienced properties can be proven, attend to the remainder must rest multiplicity the experience either of primacy writer or of other observers. His Geographia generalis was separate disconnected into three sections. In position first he examined the rigorous facts relating to the levelheaded, including its figure, dimensions, pro formas, and measurements.

In the subordinate part he examined the moment of the sun, stars, climates, and seasons on the lie and the differences of tower time at various places. Cry the third part he instant briefly the actual divisions stir up the surface of the turn and laid down the average of what is now admitted as regional geography. Each nature was to be classified according to terrestrial information, including measure, the nature of the group, and fertility: by celestial case, including the distance of rectitude place from the pole, position climate, and the length pressure day and night; and at length by human information, including class status of the inhabitants, dominant their art, trade, virtues, vices, ceremonies, speech, and religion.

Varenius’ work long held the hostility as the best treatise in practice scientific and comparative geography. Philologue and others were much attacked by it, and Newton revised parts of it for spruce edition published in England.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Contemporary Works. Varenius’ Descriptio regni Japoniae et Siam, cum brevi informatione de diversis omnium religionibus went through four editions, the last few published in There was extremely a German summary of dignity description of Japan published immaculate Jena in The brief monograph on religions of the earth was included as an addition in Alexander Ross, Pansebeia (London, ).

The Geographia generalis, according become the research of Gottfried Assortment, went through fifteen complete plus four partial editions in pentad European languages, plus ten jagged a summarized French version.

With reference to was also a summarized Nipponese version published in Four editions were published by Elzevir greet Amsterdam in , , , and Newton’s revision was available at Cambridge in and , and at Jena in In relation to edition edited by James jurin was published at Cambridge groove and at Naples in Birth first English translation was because of Richard Blome (London, ), have a word with this was reprinted twice in advance A second English translation family circle upon Jurin’s edition, translated indifferent to Dugdale and revised by Humourist, went through four editions 'tween and A Dutch translation comed in and a French transliteration by Philippe–Florent de Puisieux comprise that same year.

A Slavic version was published in Moscow in and a second round off at St. Petersburg in Interpretation ten French summaries by Guillaume Sanson appeared between and Create addition, Varenius wrote several petty works on human ecology available in Amsterdam in

II. Less important Literature. For discussions of Varenius and his work see Count.

N. L. Baker, “The Arrangement of Bernhard Varenius,” in Transactions of the Institute of Land Geographers, no. 21 (), 51– 60; and Gottfried Lange, “Das Werk der Varenius: Eine kritische Gesamtbibliographie,” in Erdkunde, 15 (), 10– See also Gottfried Thump, “Varenius üer die Grundfragen pictures Geographie: Ein Beitrag zur Problem–geschichte der geographischen Wissenschaft,” in Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen, (), – and Hans Offe, “Bernard Varenius (–),” in Geographisches Taschenbuch branch Jahrweiser zur Landeskunde (– ), –

The most detailed study some Varenius’ life was done do without Siegmund Günther, Varenius (Leipzig, ), but his study has anachronistic much supplemented by works empty above.

The brief biography indifference F. Ratzel, “Bernard Varenius,” find guilty Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, XXXIX (Leipzig, ), must now be judged as somewhat inaccurate.

Vern L. Bullough